![]() Journalists and civil society organizations have documented the risks associated with these migration routes since the early 1990s. However, it should be noted that these routes are not always used as defined and can overlap. The information here focuses on mixed migration dynamics of the three main routes to Europe across the Mediterranean Sea. However, people also use other irregular migration routes to reach Europe, including the sea crossings from Africa to the Spanish Canary Islands, from Comoros to French Mayotte, and the land route across the Turkey-Greece border and to/through the Balkans. It should be noted that the Mediterranean Sea is where irregular migration to Europe is most visible. More recently, since at least the mid-1990s, thousands of people each year have crossed the Mediterranean by boat from the northern coasts of Africa and Turkey to seek asylum or to migrate to Europe if they do not have the documentation required by the countries of destination. Human mobility in all directions across the Mediterranean has occurred for thousands of years. There is a long history of migration via the Mediterranean. Migration across the Mediterranean: context in brief ![]()
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